Turkey

Ottoman subjects called their longest-reigning sultan the Lawgiver for his legal code, Europeans called him Magnificent for his conquests, and the Ottoman title itself may not even date from his own century.

1999

1302

1363

Suleiman the Magnificent brought perhaps a hundred thousand men to Vienna's walls in 1529 and still lost, mostly to mud, lost cannons, and a Habsburg defence that had two weeks to dig in before he arrived.