Fascism

Hitler's earliest written statement calling for the removal of Jews predates his rise to power by fourteen years, and historians now largely agree it grew out of a specific wartime myth rather than any lifelong conviction.

He edited a socialist newspaper to a circulation of a hundred thousand before turning against everything it stood for, and the party that expelled him for supporting the war never got the chance to see what he became instead.

Historians cannot agree whether Franco's postwar killings numbered thirty thousand or two hundred thousand, a gap wide enough that the uncertainty itself is one of the clearest facts about how his regime operated.

Austria voted 99.7 percent in favour of joining Nazi Germany a month after the invasion, and historians still argue how much of that number reflected genuine sentiment.

1923

1922

Historians still cannot agree on a single definition of fascism precise enough to say cleanly which interwar movements actually qualify and which were merely borrowing its aesthetics.